Category: Ammonia
25% Ammonia for Power Plants
Supramolecule: NH3-xH2O (there are 4 water molecules directly hydrogen bonded at saturated vapor pressure around the NH3 molecule, so x = 4 . Of these 4 hydrogen bonds, the one in which the ammonia molecule acts as a “proton acceptor” and leads to a partial proton transfer and exhibits a weak basicity, N---H-O, is the stronger one. The other three hydrogen bonds, O---H-N, which are all “proton donors” of the ammonia molecule but hardly undergo proton transfer, are slightly weaker. In order to emphasize the weakly basic hydrogen bond N---H-O, which leads to partial proton transfer, the hydrates of ammonia (mainly NH3-4H2O) are abbreviated as NH3-H2O.
Molecules: water molecules (non-hydrated “ammonia molecules” do not exist! Even the “ammonia molecules” that escape the surface of the ammonia may have individual supramolecules such as NH3-H2O).
3 kinds of ions: ammonium ions, hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions of which H2O (more) NH4+ (less) OH- (less) H+ (very little) NH3-xH2O (more)
1. Laboratory use:
Thermal power plant ammonia is an important laboratory reagent, mainly used as an analytical reagent, neutralizing agent, alkaloid leaching agent, aluminum salt synthesis and weak alkaline solvent. Used for aluminum salt synthesis and certain elements (such as copper, nickel) of the test and determination, used to precipitate the hydroxide of various elements.
2. Military use:
As a kind of alkaline disinfectant, it is used to disinfect sarin-type agents. Commonly used is 10% concentration of dilute ammonia (density 0.960), winter use concentration is 20%.
3. Industrial use:
Wool spinning, silk, printing and dyeing industry for washing wool, wool, wool, blank cloth, dissolve and adjust the pH, and as a dyeing agent. Organic industry as an amine agent, the production of thermosetting phenolic resin catalyst, inorganic industry for the preparation of various iron salts.
Used in industry for large-scale integrated circuit decompression or plasma CVD to grow silica film boiler feed water pH regulator, ammonia is used to neutralize the carbonic acid in feed water, improve pH and slow down the corrosion of carbon dioxide in feed water. Is also a boiler shutdown protection agent, a small amount of water in the boiler can not be released from the boiler also has a good protective effect.
4. Pharmaceutical use:
Dilute ammonia is used in medicine to stimulate respiration and circulation, cure fainting and syncope, and as skin stimulant and disinfectant. It is used as detergent, neutralizer and alkaloid leaching agent. Also used in the pharmaceutical industry, yarn cover industry, tanning and so on.
5、Agricultural use:
Can be used as fertilizer after dilution in agriculture
1. Overview of hazards:
Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion
Health Hazards: Inhalation is irritating to nose, throat and lungs, causing cough, shortness of breath and asthma, etc.; it can be asphyxiated due to laryngeal edema; pulmonary edema can occur, causing death. Ammonia splashed into the eyes can cause serious damage, even lead to blindness, skin contact can cause burns. Chronic effects: Repeated exposure at low concentrations can cause bronchitis. Repeated skin contact can cause dermatitis, manifested as dry, itchy, red skin. If there is a wound on the skin of the body, avoid contact with the wound to prevent infection.
2. First aid measures:
Skin contact: immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. If burns, seek medical attention. For small amounts of skin contact, avoid spreading the substance over a larger area. Keep patient warm and quiet.
EYE CONTACT: Immediately lift eyelids and flush with running water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Or flush with 3% boric acid solution. Seek immediate medical attention.
INHALATION: Remove from scene to fresh air. Keep airway open. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. In case of respiratory arrest, administer artificial respiration immediately. seek medical attention. If the patient ingests or inhales the substance do not use mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, use a one-way valve mini respirator or other appropriate medical respirator. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion: Immediately rinse mouth, give diluted vinegar or lemon juice by mouth and seek medical attention if accidentally ingested. Inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with the substance can cause a delayed reaction. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the individual protection knowledge related to the substance and pay attention to their own protection.
3. Fire-fighting measures:
Hazard: easy to decompose and release ammonia gas, the higher the temperature, the faster the decomposition speed, can form an explosive atmosphere. If it meets with high heat, the pressure inside the container increases, and there is a danger of cracking and explosion. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers and acids. Contact with halogens, oxidized mercury, and oxidized silver can form compounds that are sensitive to vibration. Contact with the following substances can cause combustion and explosion: trimethylamine, amino compounds, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, o-chloronitrobenzene, platinum, trifluorinated trioxides, cesium dioxide difluoride, boron halides, mercury, iodine, bromine, hypochlorite, chlorine bleach, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, alkenyl oxides, epichlorohydrin, aldehydes. Corrodes certain paints, plastics and rubber. Corrodes copper, aluminum, iron, tin, zinc and their alloys.
Fire extinguishing methods: fog water, carbon dioxide, sand and soil.
4. Leakage emergency treatment:
Emergency treatment: evacuate the leaking contaminated area to a safe area, prohibit unrelated personnel from entering the contaminated area, recommend that emergency personnel wear self-contained breathing apparatus, wear chemical protective clothing. Don't contact the leak directly, and plug the leak under the condition of ensuring safety. Flush with large amounts of water, and put the diluted wash water into the wastewater system. Sand, vermiculite, or other inert material can also be used to absorb the spill, then add a small amount to a large amount of water, adjust to neutral, and place in the wastewater system. If a large number of leaks, use a berm to shelter the material, then collect, transfer, recycle or dispose of it in an environmentally sound manner.
5.Operation Disposal:
Storage precautions: store in a cool, dry and ventilated place. Keep away from fire and heat source. Prevent direct sunlight. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from acids and metal powders. Open storage tanks should have cooling measures in summer. Pay attention to personal protection in the packing and handling operation. Handling should be lightly loaded and unloaded to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Transportation according to the specified route, do not stay in residential areas and densely populated areas.
